The First Tank Destroyers
February 14, 1942. Just a few short months after the US Military made
the final decision to develop an "antitank", now Tank Destroyer arm, the
second phase began with the opening of the new Tank Destroyer Tactical
and Firing Center in Temple, Texas.
It's mission, as stated in the War Department directive of 27 November
1941, which ordered its activation, was a triple one
To
formulate, develop, and make recommendations to the War Department
concerning tactical and training doctrine, improvement, and future
expansion of tank destroyer forces.
To
cooperate with chiefs of supply arms and services in developing tank
destroyer material and in making recommendation to the War department on
this subject.
To
organize and operate the Tank Destroyer Tactical and Firing center, Tank
Destroyer Board, and Tank Destroyer school.
In simpler terms, the command had to create something from very little.
They had to create housing for troops and families, facilities for
training the troops, and acquire the equipment and personnel needed for
doing so.
These responsibilities broke down into a number of problems that
demanded immediate attention such as: billeting of military personnel,
completing the acquisition of the reservation area and moving
approximately 200 families, construction of the cantonment, construction
of the ranges to meet expanding requirements, preparation for training
of tank destroyer units in temporary field camps pending the completion
of the construction, and establishment of subordinate headquarters to
direct training.
The 893rd TD Battalion arrived at Camp Hood on 31 March 1942 and the
753rd on 1 April 1942. The facilities were only partially ready. The men
were housed in field camps largely constructed of salvage material from
old abandoned CCC camps in the Eighth Corps Area.
Even to the enlisted men, Tank Destroyer Battalions were now a reality.
The Tank Destroyer Center Headquarters wasn't officially opened at Camp
Hood, Texas until 20 August 1942, the camp itself was officially opened
and dedicated on 18 September 1942. The Tank Destroyer shoulder patch
sleeve patch, the first identifying insignia for tank destroyer use,
designed by General Bruce and staff, was officially presented.
Next - Specialized Training for Tank Destroyers
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